7.4 The reformed diagram

The method based on the liquid metal properties is with disagreement with commonly agreed on in fluid mechanics [#!fluid:pao!#, pp. 235-299]. It is commonly agreed that is a function of Reynolds number and the geometry of the runner design. The author poro:pQtwo suggested adopting an approach where the is calculated by utilizing data of flow resistance of various parts (segments) of the runner. The available data in the literature demonstrates that a typical value of can change as much as 100% or more just by changing the gate area (like valve opening). Thus, the assumption of a constant , which is used in ``common'' calculations¹¹, is not valid. Here a systematic derivation of the diagram is given. The approach adapted in this book is that everything (if possible) should be presented in dimensionless form.